Omicron Is Not More Severe for Children, Despite Rising Hospitalizations More children are being treated for Covid, but a combination of factors, including low vaccination rates, most. Officials have received a growing number of reports of XDR Shigella, which is highly transmissible and resistant to commonly recommended antibiotics, in adults. Data requests may be sent to Kaiser Permanente Division of Research: DOR.IRB.Submissions@kp.org. PubMed Central Stay up to date with what you want to know. Adults whose vaccination status had not yet been verified using the immunization information system data were considered to have unknown vaccination status and were included in total proportions but not stratified by vaccination status. Rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among those who had received a booster or additional dose. As of January 26, 2022, 39.6% of Black persons received a primary vaccine series; of those, 43.9% of adults received a booster dose once eligible. Most hospitalized children were unvaccinated, and nearly one in three were Black. Evaluation of the relative virulence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada. E. & Klein, N. P. Effectiveness of vaccination during pregnancy to prevent infant pertussis. We calculated VE as 100% multiplied by 1- OR. In the Omicron variant period, the effectiveness of maternal vaccination in these three age intervals was 21% (CI: 21,48), 14% (CI: 9,32) and 13% (CI: 3,26), respectively. New charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that hospitalization rates were much lower among those who were vaccinated even as Omicron was sweeping the nation. Morb. COVID-19Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance, by Race/Ethnicity and Vaccination Status COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021January 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:1328. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in children. IMV status was missing in 1.4% (weighted) of hospitalizations; these hospitalizations are otherwise included elsewhere in the analysis. Delahoy MJ, Whitaker M, OHalloran A, et al. Wkly. "The high hospitalization rates in unvaccinated compared with vaccinated persons with and without a booster dose underscores the importance of COVID-19 vaccinations in preventing hospitalizations and suggests that increasing vaccination coverage, including booster dose coverage, can prevent hospitalizations, serious illness, and death," the researchers wrote. T.R. We further classified vaccination status by the trimester within which the second dose or the unique dose (for those who received only one dose) was received. Questions or messages regarding errors in formatting should be addressed to Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. A study from the U.K. government, published last week, found that three doses of vaccine. 387, 109119 (2022). Persons who received no doses of any COVID-19 vaccine were considered unvaccinated. Table 2. However, vaccination during pregnancy was less effective at protecting infants against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron period. J. Med. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in preventing COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among nonimmunocompromised children and adolescents aged 5-17 yearsVISION Network, 10 states, April 2021-January 2022. Other studies found similarly decreased proportions of severe outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during this period (6).. "People who get vaccinated may be more cautious about COVID in general, or perhaps getting vaccinated makes them less cautious, or they may live in states with more/less COVID risk, etc," Jit said. A recent study found that the mean titer of maternally derived antibodies in infants of vaccinated mothers were higher at age 2 months compared with antibody titers at age 6 months23. Variances were estimated using Taylor series linearization method. The finding that maternal vaccination was less effective at protecting infants during the Omicron dominant period is also consistent with previous studies which have reported decreased effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during Omicron among children and adults14,20. Hospitalization rates during peak Omicron circulation (January 2022) among unvaccinated adults remained 12 times the rates among vaccinated adults who received booster or additional doses and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose. In-hospital death status was missing in 1.4% (weighted) of hospitalizations; these hospitalizations are otherwise included elsewhere in the analysis. CDC is not responsible for the content However, data currently available on the persistence of immunity after vaccination on the one hand and the emergence of viral variants with reduced sensibility to vaccine immunity on the other, raise the need to administer boosters to maintain the protection and to compare . Article During Omicron predominance, shortly after the Food and Drug Administration authorized COVID-19 vaccination for this age group, population-based hospitalization rates among unvaccinated children were twice as high as were those among vaccinated children. Infect. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Trends in disease severity and health care utilization during the early Omicron variant period compared with previous SARS-CoV-2 high transmission periodsUnited States, December 2020January 2022. https://doi.org . All authors reviewed the manuscript. The U.K. Health. COVID-19 vaccination coverage among pregnant women during pregnancyEight Integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 14, 2020-May 8, 2021. COVID-19associated signs and symptoms included respiratory symptoms (congestion or runny nose, cough, hemoptysis or bloody sputum, shortness of breath or respiratory distress, sore throat, upper respiratory infection, influenza-like illness, and wheezing) and non-respiratory symptoms (abdominal pain, altered mental status or confusion, anosmia or decreased smell, chest pain, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dysgeusia or decreased taste, fatigue, fever or chills, headache, muscle aches or myalgias, nausea or vomiting, rash, and seizures). Additional limitations include the inability to estimate the effectiveness of vaccines received prior to pregnancy onset. As a result, the number of total hospitalizations exceeds the sum of unvaccinated adults, adults who received a primary series without a booster or additional dose, and adults who received a primary series with a booster or additional dose. Wkly. This preceded and had no relation to COVID-19, and GD had no role in and received no funding from the project. Data from the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) were analyzed to compare COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults aged 18 years during B.1.617.2 (Delta; July 1December 18, 2021) and Omicron (December 19, 2021January 31, 2022) variant predominance, overall and by race/ethnicity and vaccination status. CIDRAP - Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy In our primary analysis, we implemented a cohort study design where we used Cox proportional hazards models that allow for time-varying covariates to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 infection hazard ratio (HR) in infants of mothers vaccinated with at least 2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy and 1 dose only versus mothers who were unvaccinated during pregnancy. Iowa does not provide data on vaccination status. Abbreviation: COVID-NET = COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network. The KPNC Institutional review board approved and waived consent for this study. Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2023 Regents of the University of Minnesota. Mortal. PubMed A free-text field for other types of residences was examined; patients with an LTCF-type residence were also categorized as LTCF residents. Vaccine effectiveness of cell-culture relative to egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine during the 2017-18 influenza season. A and B, Markers indicate estimates, with vertical lines indicating 95% CIs. In this large study which included >30,000 infants, we found that receipt of at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of infants testing SARS-CoV-2 positive during their first 6 months of life. "The subpopulations with the highest risk should be considered a priority for COVID-19 therapeutics and further booster doses.". Spontaneous abortion following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Receipt of one dose especially during the third trimester was also associated with a reduced risk of infants testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first 6 months of life during the Delta dominant period. The population of unvaccinated adults is determined by subtracting the number of adults who received any dose of vaccine, as previously defined, from the population. The state has administered 3.2 million vaccine doses since Dec. 1 alone, but lagging rates between full vaccination and first doses for adults especially (82.6% vs. 95%) are becoming a point of . The efficacy of COVID 19 vaccines for reducing the risk of severe COVID-19 infection is demonstrated in real life. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4:e2130479. Nature Communications thanks Annette Regan, Olof Stephansson and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Foo, D., Sarna, M., Pereira, G., Moore, H. C. & Regan, A. K. Longitudinal, population-based cohort study of prenatal influenza vaccination and influenza infection in childhood. The second study, led by Office for National Statistics researchers in Wales, involved death rates and risk factors in adults in England who had received an mRNA booster at least 14 days before Dec 31, 2021. In King County, Wash., which includes Seattle, unvaccinated people were 13 times more likely to be hospitalized for coronavirus since December than people who were fully vaccinated. Waning 2-dose and 3-dose effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among adults during periods of delta and omicron variant predominanceVISION Network, 10 states, August 2021-January 2022. J. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, a significantly shorter median length of hospital stay was observed during the Omicron-predominant period and smaller proportions of hospitalizations with intensive care unit admission, receipt of invasive mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital death. Iowa did not provide immunization data but is included in the overall population-based hospitalization rates. Internet Explorer). You can review and change the way we collect information below. Only 16% of children between the ages of 5 and 11 are fully vaccinated, and that number climbs to just over 50% of adolescents between ages 12 and 17, according to CDC data . These proportions are lower compared with 47.3% of White persons who received a primary series and 54.5% of eligible adults who received a booster dose. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, Black adults accounted for a larger proportion of unvaccinated adults during the Omicron-predominant period, and age-adjusted hospitalization rates for Black adults increased to the highest rate among all racial and ethnic groups for any week during the pandemic. Among nonpregnant and pregnant adults aged 18 years, hospitalization rates were calculated overall, and by race/ethnicity and COVID-19 vaccination status. and JavaScript. JAMA Netw. Maternal vaccination was protective, but protection was lower during the Omicron period than during Delta. 241(d); 5 U.S.C. MMWR and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report are service marks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Pregnant women were excluded because their reasons for hospital admission (4) might differ from those for nonpregnant persons. Thompson, M. G. et al. Because the immune status of all patients is not known, an additional dose (recommended for persons with a weakened immune system) cannot be distinguished from a booster dose. N. Engl. Shimabukuro, T. T. et al. Overall, the study results support recommendations for vaccination during pregnancy to protect both mothers and their infants. 9-14 As of October 2022, 68% of the US population has completed primary series vaccination. Initial hospital data from England and Denmark also suggest Omicron cases are less severe. pdf files, Omicron: fewer adverse outcomes come with new dangers, Statement on offensive historical content, Redistribute or republish the final article, Reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works. During the first 6 months of life, 940 (3.10%) infants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and 10 (0.03%) infants were hospitalized with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the present study, the mothers of only 32% of infants in the cohort received at least 2 doses during pregnancy. Among these infants, for our main analysis, we excluded 21,891 (35.2%) based on maternal exclusion criteria and 10,412 (16.8%) after applying infant exclusion criteria (Fig. Perm. Among children 12 to 17, the . By comparison, from two to 25 weeks after the second dose, protection against Omicron hospitalization was 64%, the UKHSA said. Saving Lives, Protecting People, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covid-net/purpose-methods.html, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7050e2.htm, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255, https://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.27.21262356v1, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.22269045v1, https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/COVID-19-Vaccination-Demographics-in-the-United-St/km4m-vcsb, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30479, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic, Psychiatric admission requiring medical care. Real-world data suggest lower COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against Omicron variants11,12,13,14. J. Med. The study had limitations worth noting. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in weekly rate calculations but are included in previous weeks. The aim of the secondary design was to compare the results of the cohort with TND. Morb. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States was 10.5 times higher in unvaccinated adults and 2.5 times higher in those who were vaccinated but received no booster than in booster recipients, according to a new study. Christopher A. Taylor, PhD1; Michael Whitaker, MPH1; Onika Anglin, MPH1,2; Jennifer Milucky, MSPH1; Kadam Patel, MPH1,2; Huong Pham, MPH1; Shua J. Chai, MD3,4; Nisha B. Alden, MPH5; Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, MPH6; Evan J. Anderson, MD7,8,9; Kenzie Teno, MPH10; Libby Reeg, MPH11; Kathryn Como-Sabetti, MPH12; Molly Bleecker, MA13; Grant Barney, MPH14; Nancy M. Bennett, MD15; Laurie M. Billing, MPH16; Melissa Sutton, MD17; H. Keipp Talbot, MD18; Keegan McCaffrey19; Fiona P. Havers, MD1; COVID-NET Surveillance Team (View author affiliations). 61) indicates a lower risk of hospitalisation with omicron versus delta, averaging over all age groups and vaccination strata. Vaccine 40, 656665 (2022). Recently another study reported that the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against infections and hospitalizations among pregnant people was higher during the Delta period than during the Omicron period21. Pre-Omicron versions of Covid, in. Adults with no documented receipt of any COVID-19 vaccine dose before the test date were considered unvaccinated. Vaccine 35, 58505857 (2017). Defined as one or more of the following: chronic lung disease including asthma, chronic metabolic disease including diabetes mellitus, blood disorder/hemoglobinopathy, cardiovascular disease, neurologic disorder, immunocompromising condition, renal disease, gastrointestinal/liver disease, rheumatologic/autoimmune/inflammatory condition, obesity, feeding tube dependency, and wheelchair dependency. On the bias of estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness from test-negative studies. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm, ** https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1, On August 13, 2021, CDCs Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued the first of several recommendations for additional or booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. JAMA 326, 16291631 (2021). O.Z., N.P.K., and B.F. conceived and designed the study. The TND, a case-control study, has been commonly used in studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccines and more recently COVID-19 vaccines. Moline HL, Whitaker M, Deng L, et al. Additional recommendations followed and data availability on booster-dose status varies by age because not all age groups were recommended by ACIP to receive booster doses at the same time. However, linking is sometimes not possible because CDC does not receive personally identifiable information about vaccine doses. Further information on research design is available in theNature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article. All adults should stay up to date (1) with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. Sample sizes presented are unweighted with weighted percentages. Maternal vaccination with at least two doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive initially by 84% which decreased to 56% by 6 months of life in the Delta dominant period. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates, including non-Hispanic Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. Association of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants. Rep. 71, 429436 (2022). In addition, our study period included two different SARV-CoV-2 variants, which allowed estimation of the effectiveness of vaccination during pregnancy in infants during both the Delta and Omicron variant periods. Rates are calculated using the CDC National Center for Health Statistics vintage 2020 bridged-race postcensal population estimates for the counties included in surveillance. During the Delta period, we found that protection extended through the infants first 6 months of life. On 13 December, Denmark released data showing that hospitalization rates for people infected with Omicron seemed to be on a par with those for people infected with other variants. During the Omicron-predominant period, hospitalization rates increased among unvaccinated persons and those who completed a primary series, with and without receipt of a booster or additional dose (Figure 2). Polack, F. P. et al. Sarah J. PubMed Mortal. Infect. If ethnicity was unknown, non-Hispanic ethnicity was assumed. Several conditions, including cancer of the blood or bone marrow and dementia, were associated with HRs greater than 3. Among the infants in the cohort, 19,418 (64.06%) of the mothers were unvaccinated during pregnancy, 1138 (3.75%) of the mothers received one dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and 9755 (32.18%) received 2 doses during pregnancy (Table1). However, these Omicron impacts have been mostly observed in countries with high vaccination rates in the Region: the comparatively lower rate of hospitalizations and deaths so far is in large part thanks to vaccination, particularly of vulnerable groups. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2022. To obtain During the study period, home testing became more prevalent. Includes current treatment or recent diagnosis within the previous 12 months of an immunosuppressive condition or use of an immunosuppressive therapy. 4% of cases) without NHS numbers were excluded from our primary analysis. Lipkind, H. S. et al. State data show the average age for COVID deaths was about 80 in late 2020, but dropped in spring 2021 to as low as 69 after most older adults received their first COVID vaccines. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, the proportion of cases in non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islanders also increased, whereas the proportion in all other racial and ethnic groups decreased. Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). Age-adjusted rates were calculated by dividing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients by population estimates for race/ethnicity, and vaccination status in the catchment area. While Omicron caused a big spike in COVID-19 cases, vaccinated people continued to be less likely to be hospitalized than the unvaccinated. Johnson AG, Amin AB, Ali AR, et al. During the Omicron-predominant period, weekly COVID-19associated hospitalization rates (hospitalizations per 100,000 adults) peaked at 38.4, compared with 15.5 during Delta predominance. Cohen-Stavi, C. J. et al. Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7050e2.htm, Adults who completed their primary COVID-19 vaccination series were defined as those who had received the second dose of a 2-dose primary vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose primary vaccine product 14 days before receipt of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result associated with their hospitalization but received no additional or booster dose. Hospitalization rates during peak Omicron circulation (January 2022) among unvaccinated adults remained 12 times the rates among vaccinated adults who received booster or additional doses and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose. Method: This case-control study aims to determine the hospitalization risk associated with the inactivated BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer . Mortal. U.S. regulators had authorized the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 5 to 11 years in October, prior to the Omicron surge. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. American Academy of Pediatrics. Furthermore, it was reassuring that both the cohort and the secondary TND yielded vaccine effectiveness estimates in the same direction. Our findings that receipt of at least two doses of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy was effective at protecting infants during the Delta period are similar to those reported in a recent Norwegian study showing that mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a 71% decreased risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in infants during their first 4 months of life during the Delta period17. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Wkly. The group raised concerns about a small number of Guillain-Barre syndrome cases in vaccine recipients and wanted more data, especially on efficacy in those at highest risk. Overall, 63% of Americans are fully vaccinated. Pediatr. This was the highest age-adjusted weekly rate observed among any racial and ethnic group during the pandemic. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose (133.5), was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose (45.0).
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